City Square Mall micro-forest study
A year-long study by scientists from the National University of Singapore found that the micro-forest at City Square Mall, created by City Developments Limited together with NParks and opened in March 2025, reduces temperatures by 5°C within its 260-meter zone, which has been expanded twofold, compared with adjacent urban areas.
The micro-forest also supports biodiversity growth: acoustic recordings show increased bird activity, and eDNA analysis reveals 70% more species than on the neighboring lawn, confirming the value of nature-based solutions for urbanized Singapore.